Kernel driver lm85

Supported chips:

Authors:

Description

This driver implements support for the National Semiconductor LM85 and compatible chips including the Analog Devices ADM1027, ADT7463, ADT7468 and SMSC EMC6D10x chips family.

The LM85 uses the 2-wire interface compatible with the SMBUS 2.0 specification. Using an analog to digital converter it measures three (3) temperatures and five (5) voltages. It has four (4) 16-bit counters for measuring fan speed. Five (5) digital inputs are provided for sampling the VID signals from the processor to the VRM. Lastly, there are three (3) PWM outputs that can be used to control fan speed.

The voltage inputs have internal scaling resistors so that the following voltage can be measured without external resistors:

2.5V, 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and CPU core voltage (2.25V)

The temperatures measured are one internal diode, and two remote diodes. Remote 1 is generally the CPU temperature. These inputs are designed to measure a thermal diode like the one in a Pentium 4 processor in a socket 423 or socket 478 package. They can also measure temperature using a transistor like the 2N3904.

A sophisticated control system for the PWM outputs is designed into the LM85 that allows fan speed to be adjusted automatically based on any of the three temperature sensors. Each PWM output is individually adjustable and programmable. Once configured, the LM85 will adjust the PWM outputs in response to the measured temperatures without further host intervention. This feature can also be disabled for manual control of the PWM’s.

Each of the measured inputs (voltage, temperature, fan speed) has corresponding high/low limit values. The LM85 will signal an ALARM if any measured value exceeds either limit.

The LM85 samples all inputs continuously. The lm85 driver will not read the registers more often than once a second. Further, configuration data is only read once each 5 minutes. There is twice as much config data as measurements, so this would seem to be a worthwhile optimization.

Special Features

The LM85 has four fan speed monitoring modes. The ADM1027 has only two. Both have special circuitry to compensate for PWM interactions with the TACH signal from the fans. The ADM1027 can be configured to measure the speed of a two wire fan, but the input conditioning circuitry is different for 3-wire and 2-wire mode. For this reason, the 2-wire fan modes are not exposed to user control. The BIOS should initialize them to the correct mode. If you’ve designed your own ADM1027, you’ll have to modify the init_client function and add an insmod parameter to set this up.

To smooth the response of fans to changes in temperature, the LM85 has an optional filter for smoothing temperatures. The ADM1027 has the same config option but uses it to rate limit the changes to fan speed instead.

The ADM1027, ADT7463 and ADT7468 have a 10-bit ADC and can therefore measure temperatures with 0.25 degC resolution. They also provide an offset to the temperature readings that is automatically applied during measurement. This offset can be used to zero out any errors due to traces and placement. The documentation says that the offset is in 0.25 degC steps, but in initial testing of the ADM1027 it was 1.00 degC steps. Analog Devices has confirmed this “bug”. The ADT7463 is reported to work as described in the documentation. The current lm85 driver does not show the offset register.

The ADT7468 has a high-frequency PWM mode, where all PWM outputs are driven by a 22.5 kHz clock. This is a global mode, not per-PWM output, which means that setting any PWM frequency above 11.3 kHz will switch all 3 PWM outputs to a 22.5 kHz frequency. Conversely, setting any PWM frequency below 11.3 kHz will switch all 3 PWM outputs to a frequency between 10 and 100 Hz, which can then be tuned separately.

See the vendor datasheets for more information. There is application note from National (AN-1260) with some additional information about the LM85. The Analog Devices datasheet is very detailed and describes a procedure for determining an optimal configuration for the automatic PWM control.

The SMSC EMC6D100 & EMC6D101 monitor external voltages, temperatures, and fan speeds. They use this monitoring capability to alert the system to out of limit conditions and can automatically control the speeds of multiple fans in a PC or embedded system. The EMC6D101, available in a 24-pin SSOP package, and the EMC6D100, available in a 28-pin SSOP package, are designed to be register compatible. The EMC6D100 offers all the features of the EMC6D101 plus additional voltage monitoring and system control features. Unfortunately it is not possible to distinguish between the package versions on register level so these additional voltage inputs may read zero. EMC6D102 and EMC6D103 feature additional ADC bits thus extending precision of voltage and temperature channels.

SMSC EMC6D103S is similar to EMC6D103, but does not support pwm#_auto_pwm_minctl and temp#_auto_temp_off.

The LM96000 supports additional high frequency PWM modes (22.5 kHz, 24 kHz, 25.7 kHz, 27.7 kHz and 30 kHz), which can be configured on a per-PWM basis.

Hardware Configurations

The LM85 can be jumpered for 3 different SMBus addresses. There are no other hardware configuration options for the LM85.

The lm85 driver detects both LM85B and LM85C revisions of the chip. See the datasheet for a complete description of the differences. Other than identifying the chip, the driver behaves no differently with regard to these two chips. The LM85B is recommended for new designs.

The ADM1027, ADT7463 and ADT7468 chips have an optional SMBALERT output that can be used to signal the chipset in case a limit is exceeded or the temperature sensors fail. Individual sensor interrupts can be masked so they won’t trigger SMBALERT. The SMBALERT output if configured replaces one of the other functions (PWM2 or IN0). This functionality is not implemented in current driver.

The ADT7463 and ADT7468 also have an optional THERM output/input which can be connected to the processor PROC_HOT output. If available, the autofan control dynamic Tmin feature can be enabled to keep the system temperature within spec (just?!) with the least possible fan noise.

Configuration Notes

Besides standard interfaces driver adds following:

  • Temperatures and Zones

Each temperature sensor is associated with a Zone. There are three sensors and therefore three zones (# 1, 2 and 3). Each zone has the following temperature configuration points:

  • temp#_auto_temp_off

    • temperature below which fans should be off or spinning very low.

  • temp#_auto_temp_min

    • temperature over which fans start to spin.

  • temp#_auto_temp_max

    • temperature when fans spin at full speed.

  • temp#_auto_temp_crit

    • temperature when all fans will run full speed.

PWM Control

There are three PWM outputs. The LM85 datasheet suggests that the pwm3 output control both fan3 and fan4. Each PWM can be individually configured and assigned to a zone for its control value. Each PWM can be configured individually according to the following options.

  • pwm#_auto_pwm_min

    • this specifies the PWM value for temp#_auto_temp_off temperature. (PWM value from 0 to 255)

  • pwm#_auto_pwm_minctl

    • this flags selects for temp#_auto_temp_off temperature the behaviour of fans. Write 1 to let fans spinning at pwm#_auto_pwm_min or write 0 to let them off.

Note

It has been reported that there is a bug in the LM85 that causes the flag to be associated with the zones not the PWMs. This contradicts all the published documentation. Setting pwm#_min_ctl in this case actually affects all PWMs controlled by zone ‘#’.

PWM Controlling Zone selection

  • pwm#_auto_channels

    • controls zone that is associated with PWM

Configuration choices:

Value

Meaning

1

Controlled by Zone 1

2

Controlled by Zone 2

3

Controlled by Zone 3

23

Controlled by higher temp of Zone 2 or 3

123

Controlled by highest temp of Zone 1, 2 or 3

0

PWM always 0% (off)

-1

PWM always 100% (full on)

-2

Manual control (write to ‘pwm#’ to set)

The National LM85’s have two vendor specific configuration features. Tach. mode and Spinup Control. For more details on these, see the LM85 datasheet or Application Note AN-1260. These features are not currently supported by the lm85 driver.

The Analog Devices ADM1027 has several vendor specific enhancements. The number of pulses-per-rev of the fans can be set, Tach monitoring can be optimized for PWM operation, and an offset can be applied to the temperatures to compensate for systemic errors in the measurements. These features are not currently supported by the lm85 driver.

In addition to the ADM1027 features, the ADT7463 and ADT7468 also have Tmin control and THERM asserted counts. Automatic Tmin control acts to adjust the Tmin value to maintain the measured temperature sensor at a specified temperature. There isn’t much documentation on this feature in the ADT7463 data sheet. This is not supported by current driver.