9.15.1 Options

The i386 version of as has a few machine dependent options:

--32 | --x32 | --64

Select the word size, either 32 bits or 64 bits. ‘--32’ implies Intel i386 architecture, while ‘--x32’ and ‘--64’ imply AMD x86-64 architecture with 32-bit or 64-bit word-size respectively.

These options are only available with the ELF object file format, and require that the necessary BFD support has been included (on a 32-bit platform you have to add –enable-64-bit-bfd to configure enable 64-bit usage and use x86-64 as target platform).

-n

By default, x86 GAS replaces multiple nop instructions used for alignment within code sections with multi-byte nop instructions such as leal 0(%esi,1),%esi. This switch disables the optimization if a single byte nop (0x90) is explicitly specified as the fill byte for alignment.

--divide

On SVR4-derived platforms, the character ‘/’ is treated as a comment character, which means that it cannot be used in expressions. The ‘--divide’ option turns ‘/’ into a normal character. This does not disable ‘/’ at the beginning of a line starting a comment, or affect using ‘#’ for starting a comment.

-march=CPU[+EXTENSION...]

This option specifies the target processor. The assembler will issue an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which will not execute on the target processor. The following processor names are recognized: i8086, i186, i286, i386, i486, i586, i686, pentium, pentiumpro, pentiumii, pentiumiii, pentium4, prescott, nocona, core, core2, corei7, l1om, k1om, iamcu, k6, k6_2, athlon, opteron, k8, amdfam10, bdver1, bdver2, bdver3, bdver4, znver1, znver2, btver1, btver2, generic32 and generic64.

In addition to the basic instruction set, the assembler can be told to accept various extension mnemonics. For example, -march=i686+sse4+vmx extends i686 with sse4 and vmx. The following extensions are currently supported: 8087, 287, 387, 687, no87, no287, no387, no687, cmov, nocmov, fxsr, nofxsr, mmx, nommx, sse, sse2, sse3, ssse3, sse4.1, sse4.2, sse4, nosse, nosse2, nosse3, nossse3, nosse4.1, nosse4.2, nosse4, avx, avx2, noavx, noavx2, adx, rdseed, prfchw, smap, mpx, sha, rdpid, ptwrite, cet, gfni, vaes, vpclmulqdq, prefetchwt1, clflushopt, se1, clwb, movdiri, movdir64b, avx512f, avx512cd, avx512er, avx512pf, avx512vl, avx512bw, avx512dq, avx512ifma, avx512vbmi, avx512_4fmaps, avx512_4vnniw, avx512_vpopcntdq, avx512_vbmi2, avx512_vnni, avx512_bitalg, noavx512f, noavx512cd, noavx512er, noavx512pf, noavx512vl, noavx512bw, noavx512dq, noavx512ifma, noavx512vbmi, noavx512_4fmaps, noavx512_4vnniw, noavx512_vpopcntdq, noavx512_vbmi2, noavx512_vnni, noavx512_bitalg, vmx, vmfunc, smx, xsave, xsaveopt, xsavec, xsaves, aes, pclmul, fsgsbase, rdrnd, f16c, bmi2, fma, movbe, ept, lzcnt, hle, rtm, invpcid, clflush, mwaitx, clzero, wbnoinvd, pconfig, waitpkg, cldemote, lwp, fma4, xop, cx16, syscall, rdtscp, 3dnow, 3dnowa, sse4a, sse5, svme, abm and padlock. Note that rather than extending a basic instruction set, the extension mnemonics starting with no revoke the respective functionality.

When the .arch directive is used with -march, the .arch directive will take precedent.

-mtune=CPU

This option specifies a processor to optimize for. When used in conjunction with the -march option, only instructions of the processor specified by the -march option will be generated.

Valid CPU values are identical to the processor list of -march=CPU.

-msse2avx

This option specifies that the assembler should encode SSE instructions with VEX prefix.

-msse-check=none

-msse-check=warning

-msse-check=error

These options control if the assembler should check SSE instructions. -msse-check=none will make the assembler not to check SSE instructions, which is the default. -msse-check=warning will make the assembler issue a warning for any SSE instruction. -msse-check=error will make the assembler issue an error for any SSE instruction.

-mavxscalar=128

-mavxscalar=256

These options control how the assembler should encode scalar AVX instructions. -mavxscalar=128 will encode scalar AVX instructions with 128bit vector length, which is the default. -mavxscalar=256 will encode scalar AVX instructions with 256bit vector length.

-mvexwig=0

-mvexwig=1

These options control how the assembler should encode VEX.W-ignored (WIG) VEX instructions. -mvexwig=0 will encode WIG VEX instructions with vex.w = 0, which is the default. -mvexwig=1 will encode WIG EVEX instructions with vex.w = 1.

-mevexlig=128

-mevexlig=256

-mevexlig=512

These options control how the assembler should encode length-ignored (LIG) EVEX instructions. -mevexlig=128 will encode LIG EVEX instructions with 128bit vector length, which is the default. -mevexlig=256 and -mevexlig=512 will encode LIG EVEX instructions with 256bit and 512bit vector length, respectively.

-mevexwig=0

-mevexwig=1

These options control how the assembler should encode w-ignored (WIG) EVEX instructions. -mevexwig=0 will encode WIG EVEX instructions with evex.w = 0, which is the default. -mevexwig=1 will encode WIG EVEX instructions with evex.w = 1.

-mmnemonic=att

-mmnemonic=intel

This option specifies instruction mnemonic for matching instructions. The .att_mnemonic and .intel_mnemonic directives will take precedent.

-msyntax=att

-msyntax=intel

This option specifies instruction syntax when processing instructions. The .att_syntax and .intel_syntax directives will take precedent.

-mnaked-reg

This option specifies that registers don't require a ‘%’ prefix. The .att_syntax and .intel_syntax directives will take precedent.

-madd-bnd-prefix

This option forces the assembler to add BND prefix to all branches, even if such prefix was not explicitly specified in the source code.

-mno-shared

On ELF target, the assembler normally optimizes out non-PLT relocations against defined non-weak global branch targets with default visibility. The ‘-mshared’ option tells the assembler to generate code which may go into a shared library where all non-weak global branch targets with default visibility can be preempted. The resulting code is slightly bigger. This option only affects the handling of branch instructions.

-mbig-obj

On x86-64 PE/COFF target this option forces the use of big object file format, which allows more than 32768 sections.

-momit-lock-prefix=no

-momit-lock-prefix=yes

These options control how the assembler should encode lock prefix. This option is intended as a workaround for processors, that fail on lock prefix. This option can only be safely used with single-core, single-thread computers -momit-lock-prefix=yes will omit all lock prefixes. -momit-lock-prefix=no will encode lock prefix as usual, which is the default.

-mfence-as-lock-add=no

-mfence-as-lock-add=yes

These options control how the assembler should encode lfence, mfence and sfence. -mfence-as-lock-add=yes will encode lfence, mfence and sfence as ‘lock addl $0x0, (%rsp)’ in 64-bit mode and ‘lock addl $0x0, (%esp)’ in 32-bit mode. -mfence-as-lock-add=no will encode lfence, mfence and sfence as usual, which is the default.

-mrelax-relocations=no

-mrelax-relocations=yes

These options control whether the assembler should generate relax relocations, R_386_GOT32X, in 32-bit mode, or R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX and R_X86_64_REX_GOTPCRELX, in 64-bit mode. -mrelax-relocations=yes will generate relax relocations. -mrelax-relocations=no will not generate relax relocations. The default can be controlled by a configure option --enable-x86-relax-relocations.

-mx86-used-note=no

-mx86-used-note=yes

These options control whether the assembler should generate GNU_PROPERTY_X86_ISA_1_USED and GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_2_USED GNU property notes. The default can be controlled by the --enable-x86-used-note configure option.

-mevexrcig=rne

-mevexrcig=rd

-mevexrcig=ru

-mevexrcig=rz

These options control how the assembler should encode SAE-only EVEX instructions. -mevexrcig=rne will encode RC bits of EVEX instruction with 00, which is the default. -mevexrcig=rd, -mevexrcig=ru and -mevexrcig=rz will encode SAE-only EVEX instructions with 01, 10 and 11 RC bits, respectively.

-mamd64

-mintel64

This option specifies that the assembler should accept only AMD64 or Intel64 ISA in 64-bit mode. The default is to accept both.

-O0 | -O | -O1 | -O2 | -Os

Optimize instruction encoding with smaller instruction size. ‘-O’ and ‘-O1’ encode 64-bit register load instructions with 64-bit immediate as 32-bit register load instructions with 31-bit or 32-bits immediates and encode 64-bit register clearing instructions with 32-bit register clearing instructions. ‘-O2’ includes ‘-O1’ optimization plus encodes 256-bit and 512-bit vector register clearing instructions with 128-bit vector register clearing instructions. ‘-Os’ includes ‘-O2’ optimization plus encodes 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit register tests with immediate as 8-bit register test with immediate. ‘-O0’ turns off this optimization.